Read carefully the following questions and circle the best answer

1.     In which of the following the synthesis of proteins occurs?

a)     Golgi complex

b)    Lysosome

c)     Ribosome

d)    Centriole

2.     One of the factors allowing pathogens to adhere to host tissue is:

a)     Ribosomes

b)     Adhesins

c)     Flagella

d)     Inner cell membrane

3.     A substance that is not used in Gram stain is:

a)     Crystal  violet

b)     Iodine  

c)     Carbolfuchsin

d)     Safranin

4.      One of the structure that is not found in an prokaryotic cell is:

a)     Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b)     Ribosome 

c)     Capsule

d)     Pilli

5.     Which of the following pair is mismatched?

a)     Capsule-adherence

b)    Pilli-motility

c)     Cell wall-toxin

d)    Cell wall-protection

6.     The most relevant clinical manifestation of Enterobius vermicularis is;

a)     Fever and muscle weakness

b)    Weight loss and night sweats

c)     Perianal pruritus

d)    Watery diarrhea and dehydration

7.     One of the most popular species in Microbiology is:

        a)   Escherichia coli

              b)   escherichia  coli  

              c)   escherichia coli 

              d)   Escherichia coli

Complete the following statement.

8.     The more common way of getting infested with Taenia saginata is _________________

a)     Eating undercooked pork meat

b)    Blood transfusions

c)     Eating undercooked beef

d)    Unprotected sexual relations.

9.     _________________ are round-shaped cells arranged in 8 cells forming a cube.

a)     Tetrads   

b)    Streptococci

c)     Staphylococci

d)    Sarcinae 

10.  ______________________ is one structure that prevents bacteria from drying, allowing bacteria to adhere to various surfaces and also increasing their virulence by preventing phagocytosis.

a)     Flagella   

b)    Cell membrane   

c)     Capsule

d)    Nucleoid

11.  The ________________________ is a thick celled structure that forms inside a bacterial      cell that encloses all nuclear material and some cytoplasm. This structure can withstand extremely dry conditions, boiling and freezing and can also survive for many years.

a)     Endospore

b)    Endoplasm

c)     Ectoderm

d)    Endotoxin.

12.  When a bacterium possesses two flagella (one at each pole of the bacteria), the flagella are said to be _____________________.

a)     Monotrichous

b)    Amphitrichous 

c)     Peritrichous

d)    Lophotrichous

13.  A __________________ is an extra chromosomal and circular DNA that often codes for antibiotic resistance and/or toxins.

a)     Lysosome

b)    Plasmid

c)     Mitochondrion

d)    Endoplasmic reticulum  

14.  ______________________ is one of the drugs that kill bacteria by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis.

a)     Penicillin

b)    Gentamycin  

c)     Metronidazole  

            d)   Streptomycin

              

  

15.   ____________________ are enzymes produced by some pathogens that cause the lyses of the host’s red blood cells (RBC).

a)     Leukocidins 

b)    Coagulases

c)     Hemolysins

d)    Collagenases

16.  _________________________ secrete hemolysins that cause the incomplete lysis of red blood cells.

a)     Beta hemolytic Streptococci

b)    Gamma hemolytic Streptococci

c)     Alpha hemolytic Streptococci

d)    Delta hemolytic Streptococci

17.  You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume this cell has:

a)     Mitochondria

b)    Ribosomes

c)     An endoplasmic reticulum

d)    Golgi complex

18.  Choose the scientific name of a bacterium:

a)     Tubercle bacillus

b)    Koch bacillus

c)     Mycobacterium tuberculosis

d)    None of the above

19.  The enzyme collagenase secreted by some bacteria:

a)     Breaks down hyaluronic acid

b)    Breaks down proteins

c)     Breaks down red blood cells

d)    None of the above is correct

20.  When treating patient with infestation with Enterobius vermicularis Dr. recommends keeping finger nails trimmed, short and discourage nail biting and scratching the bare anal region.

These suggestions are made in order to prevent:

a)     The parasite from going to the blood stream

b)    The reproduction of the parasite

c)     The infestation with the parasite

d)    The re-infestation with the parasite

21.  Which of the following statements about nosocomial infections is false?

a)     They occur in compromised patients.

b)    They are caused by opportunists.

c)     The patient was infected before hospitalization.

d)    Are transmitted by direct and indirect contact

22.  Which of the following is NOT a direct communicable disease?

a)     Gonorrhea

b)    AIDS

c)     Tuberculosis

d)    Tetanus

23.  Which of the following definitions is incorrect?

                  a)     Acute – a short-lasting primary infection

                  b)     Chronic – a disease that develops slowly and lasts for months

                  c)     Primary infection – an initial illness

                  d)     Secondary infection – a long-lasting illness

24.  A patient comes to the E.R. complaining of dry cough fever, throat tingling and weight loss. The Dr. tells you he suspect the patient has a nematode infestation. Which of the following parasite is most likely the cause of the patient symptoms?

a)    Trichiuris trichiura

b)    Giardia lamblia

c)     Entamoeba histolytica

d)    Ascaris lumbricoides

25.  Amebiasis is a disease that:

a)     Commonly produces cough and fever

b)    Commonly produces shortness of breath and cyanosis

c)     Commonly  produces diarrhea  with blood and mucus

d)    Commonly produces burning on urination

26.  Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections?

a)     Formation of biofilms in catheters

b)    Lack of hand washing

c)     Too much information to learn in the nursing school

d)    Lack of sterilization of surgical instruments

27.  Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a:

a)     Communicable disease.

b)    Latent infection.

c)     Nosocomial infection.

d)    Sporadic disease.

Match the terms in column A with those in column B

Column A                                                                                               Column B

28.  Turn purple with Gram stain                                             ______Neurotoxins

29.    Amount of bacterial cell/spores producing                     ______Gram Positive

infection in a 50% of a population of Guinean pigs          ______ Prokaryotes 

30.  Cell wall with a 2^nd outer membrane                                 ______ Leukocidins

31.    No nucleus and no organelles                                          ______ID₅₀                                        

32.  Block the proper nerve impulse                                         ______Gram negative

33.  Kills WBC’s which prevents phagocytosis                                                                                        

Select the correct answer as True (T) or False (F)

34. _________ The way of locomotion of protozoan belonging to Phylum Ciliophora is by flagella
35. _________Gram (+) bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall and not a second outer membrane.
36. _________Ingestion of gravid proglottide of Taenia solium can lead to cisticercosis
37. _________ Bacteria reproduce by binary fission.
38. _________ Enterotoxins affect the lining of the respiratory tract
39. _________ Protozoa are prokaryotic organisms
40. _________Cytotoxins are considering endotoxins, producing lysis of host’s cells

 

The picture shows Vibrio cholerae which is a pathogenic microorganism that causes cholera. This microorganism colonizes the small intestine and, once there, it produces and excretes a toxin which is mainly responsible of the clinical symptoms of cholera. Vibrio cholerae is able to grow using oxygen (O₂) . This microorganism turns pink when using a Gram stain. Cholera disease is caused by eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water. Transmission is primarily due to the fecal contamination and poor sanitation.

Complete the following statements accordingly to the description above:

41.  Vibrio cholera is a________________.

a)     Bacterium

b)     Protozoan

c)     Fungus

d)     Plant

42.  According to the text Vibrio cholerae is the___________________ of cholera.

a)     Etiological agent

b)     Symptom

c)     Portal of entry

d)     Effect

43.  According to the picture this microorganism has a_____________________ flagellum

a)     Monotrichous

b)     Peritrichous

c)     Lophotrichous

d)     Amphitrichous

44.  Because this toxin affects the epithelial cells of the human small intestine it is classified as an ______________________

a)     Neurotoxin

b)    Cardiotoxin

c)     Enterotoxin

d)    Cytotoxin

45.  According to the Gram stain, Vibrio cholerae is classified as a _____________________ bacterium.

a)     Gram positive

b)     Gram negative

c)     Gram variable

d)     Fast acid bacillus

46.  The portal of entry that this microbe uses to enter the human body is______________________.

a)     The gastrointestinal tract mucous membrane.

b)     The respiratory tract mucous membrane

c)     The skin

d)     The parenteral route

47.  The mode of transmission of this disease is_______________________.

a)     Genetic transmission

b)    Vehicle transmission

c)     Vector transmission

d)    None of the above

Identify the preferred portal of entry for the following pathogens:

48.  Treponema pallidum _____________________________

49.  Clostridium tetani  ______________________________

50.  Bordetella pertussis ______________________________

Bonus question:

A disease that occurs continuously in a particular region but has low mortality

a)     Endemic

b)     Epidemic

c)     Pandemic

d)     Exodemic

Select the correct answer as True (T) or False (F)

_____ Eosinophilic pneumonia can be present in the infection with Taenia saginata

      _____ Nematodes reproduce by binary fission

_____ Filariasis is a bacterial infection

_____ Trichuris trichiura is also known as a whipworm.

_____ Taenia solium belongs to the Phylum Cestodes.

           Complete the paragraph below using one of the following phrases

a)     Biological vectors

b)    Asymptomatic carriers

c)     Mechanical vectors

d)    Incubation period

Culex is a genus of mosquito, and is important in that several species serve as ___________   _____________ of important diseases, such as West Nile virus, Yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis and dengue fever.

Name the disease for these etiological agent:

1.     Clostridium perfringens ___________________________

2.     Plasmodium falciparum ___________________________

3.     Chlamydia trachomatis ___________________________

4.     Mycobacterium leprae_____________________________